For More 12th Study Materials
ONEMARKQUESTION 20X1=20
1-3Synonyms(1to6)
4-6Antonyms(1to6)
7.Compoundwords
8.Prefixandsuffix
9.Abbreviationandacronyms
10.Clippedwords
11.Phrasalverb
12.Idioms
13.Confusables
14.Foreignwordsandphrases
15.Politealternatives
16.Modalandsemimodal
17.Questiontag
18.Syllabification
19.BritishandAmericanEnglish
20.Singularandplural
21.Sentencepattern
22.Relativepronoun
23.Articles
24.Preposition
25.Matchit(field)
26.Conjunctionorlinkers
27.Blending
28.Gerund
29.Infinitive
30.Definitionoftheword
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
TWOMARKQUESTIONS 7X2=14
1.Poetryappreciation/figureofspeech
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2.Reportthedialogue
3.Directandindirectspeech
4.ActiveVoiceandpassiveVoice
5.Simple,compoundandcomplex
6.Conditionalclause
7.Degreesofcomparison
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
THREEMARKQUESTIONS
7X3=21
1.Referencetothecontext(poetry)
2.Prosequestionandanswers
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1.Dialoguewriting
2.Verbalandnonverbalpresentation
3.Describingaprocess
4.Noticewriting
5.Expansionofheadlines
6.Spottheerror
7.Slogan
8.Proverb
9.Roadmapdirection
10.Re-arrangethewods
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
FIVEMARKQUESTIONS 7X5=35
1.Proseparagraphfrom 1to3
2.Poemparagraphfrom 1to3
3.Supplementaryparagraphfrom 1to3
4.Notemaking/summarizing
5.comprehension
6.Jobapplication
7.Generalparagraph
8.Constructionofdialogues
9.Semanticfield
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Lesson-1
SYNONYMS
Cautious – careful,alert
Disapprove – deny,refuse
Brisk
Engaging – charming,captivating
Humble – poor,inferior
Eager – anxious,enthusiastic
Resistance – fighting,struggle
Persuade – prompt,induce
Scarce – insufficient,deficient
Nobility – dignity,virtue
Shrug – raiseslightlyandmomentarily
Slackened – reduced
Demeanour – appearanceandbehavior
Artless – innocent,guiltless
Hawk – cryingoutloudly
Deserted – uninhabited
Emigirate – takeupcitizenship
Vexation – annoyance
Vestibule – lobby
Charter – short,high-pitchedsounds
Intrude – enterwithoutpermission
Rubble – debris,brokenbricks
ANTONYMS
Cautious x careless
Disapprove x permit
Brisk x slow
Engaging x boring
Humble x superior
Eager x unenthusiastic
Resistance x cooperation
Persuade x discourage
Scarce x adequate
Nobility x dishonour
Lesson-2
SYNONYMS
Disputes – conflicts
Civilization – advancedstateofsocialdevelopment
Stimulated – motivated
Stray – loose
Liable – responsible
Curious – interesting
Controversial- arguable,disputable
Virtues – admirablequalities
Despised – hated
Stimulation – excitement
Optimistic – positive,hopeful
Cauldron – bigpot
Rationing – restricting
Dangling – hangingfreely
Liable – responsible
Mysterious – incomprehensible
Etiquette – sociallyacceptedbehavior
ANTONYMS
Despised x liked
Optimistic x pessimistic
Shallow x deep
Arrival x departure
Sufficient x inadequate
Lesson-3
SYNONYMS
Profession – career
Sorrowful – gloomy
Decency
Destiny – fate
Hijacked – commandeered
Motivation – encouragement
Serious – severe
Significant – important
Consideration- carefulthought
Prevalent – common
Agony – suffering
Perforated – tornordamaged
Ennobles – dignified
- nobility
Sophisticated – welladvanced
Mutilatingsurgery-removaloftissue
Solace – comfortorconsolation
Intrepid – boldandstaring
Finale – climax
Disfigured – spoiledormarred
Malignant – harmfullife
Tumour – diseasedgrowth
Amputated – cutoffprofound-verygreat
ANTONYMS
Rare x prevalent
Primitive x Sophisticated
Fiction x fact
Fearful x intrepid
Benign x malignant
Diffidence x confidence
Boredom x amusement
Criticize x appreciate
Lesson-4
SYNONYMS
Traverse – tocrossamountainslope
Rope – linksmembersofclimbingparty
Cornice – overhangingmassofsnow
Cwm-arm – chairshapedhollow
Scrambling – climbinghurriedly
Wriggle – movewithatwistorturn
Tantalize – teaseortaunt
Cramponed – climbingonice
ANTONYMS
Narrow x broad
Crawed. x. raced
Dragged x pushed
Hollow x raised
Firm x soft
Hoisted x dropped
Cautiously x carelessly
Grim x cheerful
Sink x float
Persisted x stopped
Zest x boredom
Perpetual x temporary
Lesson-5
SYNONYMS
Unequivocally- unambiguously
Considerable – ample,sizable
Antiquity – ancientness
Inscriptions – ahistoricalrecord
Anthologies – collectionofselectedwritings
Secular-non – religions,temporal
Indigenous – native
Esthetics – senseofbeauty
Subtlety – distinction,nuance
Profundity – solidity,sophistication
Subaltern – subordinate,inferior
Extensively – broadly,largely
Universality – acceptance,prevalence
Myriad – greatnumber
Facet – feature,character
Illuminated – lucid,clear
Undergird – fundamentalsupport
Conservative – traditional
Touchstone – astandardorcriterion
Fecund – fertile
Preexisting – antecedent,former
Offshoot – outgrowth,sprout
Indescribably – indefinably
Patently – clearly,undoubtedly
ANTONYMS
Ancient/classical x modern
Antiquity x modernity
Conservative x modern/liberal
Independent x dependent
Indigenous x foreign
Obvious x unclear
Influence x unimportance
Merely x greatly
Lesson-6
SYNONYMS
Confusion – mess
Peril – risk
Pedestrians – walkonthestreet
Chaos – confusion
Anarchy – lawlessnessorrebellion
Preserved – maintained
Curtailed
Tyranny – autocracy
Insolence – rudeness
Interfere – hinder
Contract – commitment
Indifferent – unconcerned
Fancy-desire
Shandy – lemonable
Ridiculous – comical
Conventional – normal
Accommodate- fit
– reduced
Consideration– scrutiny
ANTONYMS
Anarchy x peace,order
Confusion x calm,clear
Conscious x unconscious
Anarchy x order
Forbid x allow
Peril x safe
Tyranny x democracy
Preserved x destroyed
Liberty x slavery
Ridiculous x serious
Compoundwords
Textbook:118
Whentwowordsusedtogethertoyieldanewmeaning,a
compoundisformedIce-fall knife-edge wind-proof
sleeping–bags
Half-waynever–ending partly-full ice-axe
Moreexamples
noun+noun schoolboy/schoolgirl
noun+verb sunrise
noun+Gerund carparking/airconditioning
noun+adjective lifelong/dutyfree
gerund+noun dancingbird
verb+noun payday
verb+Gerund typewriting
verb+adjective breakfast
adjective+adjective red-hot
adjective+noun hotwater
preposition+noun upstream/downstream
adjective+verb whitewash
verb+adverb sendoff
Mantel+piece = Mantelpiece
Eye+lashes = Eyelashes
Water+proof = Waterproof
Bee+hive = Beehive
Toll+gate = Tollgate
Door+knob = Doorknob
Spinning+wheel= Spinningwheel
Down-to-earth Well-to-do happy-go-lucky
up-to-date Long-forgotten Duty-free
Kitchen-garden Dining-hall Good-for-nothing
Hand-made Wind-mill Son-inlaw
PREFIXANDSUFFIX
Prefix – agroupoflettersplacedbeforetherootofaword
Suffix – agroupoflettersaddedtotheendingofwords
TextBook:7,147
Word prefix suffix
Patient impatient patiently
Honour dishonour honourable
Respect disrespect respectable
Manage mismanage manageable,management
Fertile infertile fertility
Different indifferent differently
Friend befriend friendly,friendship
Obey disobey, obedience
Frequent frequently
Satisfy satisfaction
Willing willingness
Comfort discomfort comfortable
Resemble resemblance
Nobile nobility
Moreexamples
Word Prefix Suffix
Honest dishonest honesty
Manage mismanage management/manageable
Differ indifferent differently
Beauty beautiful,beautifully
Peace peaceful/peacefully
/peacefulness
Arrange rearrange arrangement/arranging
Collect recollect collection/collector
Approve disapprove approver/approval
Narrate narration/narrator
Class classmate/
classroom
Fortunate unfortunate
Respect disrespect
Rational irrational
Direct indirect
Comfortable uncomfortable
Regular irregular
Active inactive
Agree disagree
Obedient disobedient
Continue discontinue
Decent indecent
Legitimate illegitimate
Aware unaware
Finite infinite
Necessary unnecessary
ABBREVIATION&ACRONYMS
TextBook:139,145
Abbreviation– ashortenedformoftheword
Acronyms– anabbreviationformedfromtheinitiallettersof
otherswordsandpronouncedasaword
- USA UnitedStatesOfAmerica
- UK UnitedKingdom
- ATM AutomatedTellerMachine
- CVRDE CombatVehicleResearchAndDevelopment
Establishments - CLRI CentralLeatherResearchInstitute
- CPU CentralProcessingUnit
- HSS HigherSecondarySchool
- MA MasterOfArts
- KG Kilogram
- MON Monday
- FM FrequencyModulation
- RPM RotationPerMinute
- UPS UninterruptedPowerSupply
- CD CompactDisc
- DTP DeskTopPublishing
- ISRO IndianSpaceResearchOrganization
- IIT IndianInstituteOfTechnology
- PSU PublicSectorUnit
- WWW WorldWideWeb
- BBC BritishBroadcastingCorporation
- PRO PublicRelationOfficer
- UGC UniversityGrantsCommission
- BPO BusinessProcessOutSourcing
- SBI StateBankOfIndia
- WTC WorldTradeCentre
- WHO WorldHealthOrganization
- NRI Non-ResidentIndian
- PC PersonalComputer
- UNO UnitedNationsOrganization
- ICU IntensiveCareUnit
- GST GoodsServiceTax
- NLC NeyveliLigniteCorporation
- DIET DistrictInstituteOfEducationAndTraining
- IAS IndianAdministrativeService
- NASA NationalAeronauticalAndSpaceAdministration
- PIN PostalIndexNumber
- EVM ElectronicVotingMachine
- LCD LiquidCrystalDisplay
- NEET NationalEligibilityEntranceTest
- LPG LiquefiedPetroleumGas
- PTI PressTrustOfIndia
- USA UnitedStatesOfAmerica
- USSR UnionOfSovietSocialistRepublic
- AIBA AssociationInternationaleDeBoxeAmateur
- IELTS InternationalEnglishLanguageTestSystem
- TNPSC TamilnaduPublicServiceCommission
- STD SubscriberTrunkDialling
- ISD InternationalSubscriberDialling
- MBA MasterOfBusinessAdministration
- MHRD MinistryOfHumanResourceDevelopment
- GPS GlobalPositioningSystem
- NCC NationalCadetCorps
- NSS NationalServiceScheme
- PTA ParentTeacherAssociation
- NGO Non–GovernmentalOrganization
- ICU IntensiveCareUnit
- IIM IndianInstituteOfManagement
- MRI MagnetisResonanceImaging
- ECG ElectroCardioGram
- LED LightEmittingDiode
- CPU CentralProcessingUnit
- CBSE CentralBoardOfSecondaryEducation
- GDP GrossDomesticProduct
- LCD LiquidCrystalDisplay
- NRI NonResidentIndian
- IIT IndianInstituteOfTechnology
- ITI IndustrialTrainingInstitute
- AD AnnoDomini
- AM AnteMeridian
- BC BeforeChrist
- FM FrequencyModulation
- GMT GreenwichMeanTime
- GNP GrossNationalProduct
- YMCA YoungMen’ChristianAssociation
- INTERNETInternationalNetworkOfComputers
- AVADI ArmedVehiclesAndAmmunitionDepotOfIndia
- LASER LightAmplificationByStimulatedEmissionsOfRadiation
- RADAR RadioDetectionAndRanging
- SAARC SouthAsianAssociationForRegionalCo-Operation
- AIDS AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome
- NASA NationalAeronauticsAndSpaceAdministration
- GATT GeneralAgreementOnTradeAndTariffs
- CAD ComputerAidedDesigning
- TOEFL TestOfEnglishAsAForeignLanguage
- GATE GraduateAptitudeTestForEngineering
- OPEC OrganisationOfPetroleumExporting Countries
- TANSI TamilnaduSmallScaleIndustries
- VIRUS VitalInformationResourcesUnderSeige
- SALT StrategicArmsLimitationTreaty
- HUDCO HousingAndUrbanDevelopmentCorporation
- BHEL BharatHeavyElectricalLimited
- INSAT IndianNationalSatellite
- LAN LocalAreaNetwork
- RAM RandomAccessMemory
- CAT CommonAdmissionTest
- SAIL SteelAuthorityOfIndiaLimited
- VAT ValueAddedTax
- SAI SportsAuthorityOfIndia
- SLET StateLevelEligibilityTest
100.GAIL GasAuthorityOfIndiaLimited
101.AIR AllIndiaRadio
102.AIIMS AllIndiaInstituteOfMedicalSciences
103.PAN PermanentAccountNumber
CLIPPING
Clippedwordsarewordsshortenedbycommonuse.
1)Telephone phone
2)Spectacles specs
3)Suitcase- case
4)Advertisement ad
5)Gymnasium gym
6)Helicopter copter
7)Refrigerater fridge
8)Demonstration demo
9)Handkerchief kerchief
10) Taxicab taxi
11) Demarcate mark
12) Fountainpen pen
13) Photograph photo
14) Microphone mike
15) Laboratory lab
16) Perambulater pram
17) Signature sign
18) Mathematics maths
19) Examination exam
20) Gasoline gas
21) Paragraph para
22) Fanatic fan
23) Automobile auto
24) Hamburger burger
25) Aeroplane plane
26) Vivavoce viva
27) Bridegroom groom
28) Discotheque disco
29) Centum cent
30) Alchemist chemist
31) Chimpanzee chimp
32) Photograph photo
33) Cafeteria café
34) Gasoline gas
35) Helicopter copter
36) Telephone phone
37) University varsity
38) Memorandum memo
39) Influenza flu
40) Hippotomus hippo
41) Bridegroom groom
42) Fanatic fan
43) Demonstration demo
44) Refrigerator fridge
45) Perambulator pram
46) Aeroplane plane
47) Examination exam
48) Demarcate mark
MOREEXAMPLES
1.alumni alum
2.automobile auto
3.bicycle bike
4.brassiere bra
5.brother bro
6.hamburger burger
7.omnibus bus
8.burst bust
9.buttocks butt - cabriolet cab
- cafeteria caf
- calculus calc
- centum cent
- champion champ
- chemistry chem
- alchemist chemist
- cleric clerk
- convict con
- cooperative co-op
- helicopter copter
cuke - curiosity curio
- debutante deb
- delicatessen deli
- doctor doc
- dormitory dorm
- drapery drape
- examination exam
- fanatic fan
- facsimile fax
- influenza flu
- refrigerator fridge
- gabble gab
- gasoline gas
- alligator gater
- graduate grad
- gymnasium gym
1.market mart
2.mathematics math
3.memorandum memo
4.amend mend
5.microphone mike
6.mistress miss
7.modern mod
8.pantaloons pants
9.penitentiary pen - pepper pep
- percolate perk
- perquisite perk
- telephone phone
- photograph photo
- turnpike pike
- airplane plane
- popular pop
- professiona pro
- professor prof
- promenade prom
- earthquake quake
- referee ref
- hackney hack
- hippopotaus hippo
- flatiron iron
- jetaircraft jet
- laboratory lab
- limousine limo
- lubricate lube
- revolution rev
- scramble scram
- spectacles specs
- disport sport
- stereophone stereo
- distill still
- submarine sub
- coattails tails
- taxicab taxi
- teenager teen
- necktie tie
- trigonomey trig
- triumph trump
- tuxedo tux
- caravan van
- university varsity
- veteran vet
- veterinarian vet
- periwig wig
45.zoologicalgardenzoo
DEFINITIONOFWORD
TextBook:148
matchthe–icswordswiththeirappropriatemeanings
1.Linguistics studyoflanguage
2.Numismatics studyofmoneyandcoins
3.Electrodynamics studyofelectriccurrentsandmagnetic
field
4.Phonetics studyofspeechsounds
5.Aesthetics studyofprinciplesofbeauty
6.Genetics studyofgenes
7.Statistics studyofprocessingdata
8.Politics studyofgovernmentandusingpower
9.Aeronautics studyofbuildingandflyingair-craft - Informatics studyofanalyzinginformation
- Hydrophobia fearofwater
- Claustrophobia fearofenclosedspace
- Acrophobia fearofheights
- Anglophobia fearofEnglandoranythingEnglish
- Agoraphobia fearofplaces
- Xenophobia fearofstrangers
- Suicide killingofself
- Homicide killingofanotherperson
- Genocide killingofpeople
- Patricide killingoffather
- Matricide killingofmother
- Infanticide killingofinfants
- Fratricide killingofone’sbrotherorsister
- Kleptomania strongdesiretosteal
- Bibliomania crazeforbooks
- Megalomania mentalillness
- Pyromania setthingsonfire
- Squandermania. practiceofspendingmoney
extravagantly - Insecticide usedtokillinsects
- Regicide killingofaroyalfamily
- Zelotypophobia fearofusingEnglish
- Alcoholmania strongdesireforalcoholicdrinks
- Entomologist studiesinsects
- Archeologist studiesancientculture
Pathologist studiesdisease - Musicologist studiesmusic
- Paleontologists studiesfossils
- Sinologist studieschina
- Pessimist negativethought
- Optimist positivethought
- Teetotaler abstainsfromalcohol
- Philanthropist performcharity
- Misanthrope dislikesmankind
- Sadist enjoysotherspain
- Octogenarian inat80-90years
- Polyglot speakmanylanguage
- Hedonist pursuitpleasure
- Misogynist hateswomen
- Pugilst fondoffighting
PHRASALVERB
TextBook:7,118
Phrasalverbsarephrasesthatindicateactions.Theyare
generallyusedinspokenEnglishandinformaltexts.
1.Cutoff-remove
Ourwatersupplyhasbeencutoff
2.Comeupon-meetunexpectedly
Afeelingofgreatjoyhadsuddenlycomeuponme
3.Putout–stoporextinguish
Iputoutthefire
4.Drawup–arrange
Thecabdrewuooutsidethehouse
5.Passout-distribute
Iwillpassoutcopiesoftheagenda
6.Takeoff-departfromtheground
Theplanetookoff
7.Turnaway-reject
Medicinebegantoturnawayfrombotanyinthe17thC
8.Standby-support
AlwaysIwillstandbyyou
9.Bankon-dependon
Iambankingonyourhelp
Book118
Turnon–toopen
Heturnedontheradio
Tookover–takelead
Thenewmanagertookovertheoffice.
Setoff–start
WesetoffforLondon.
Putoff-Postpone
Theyhaveputoffthedanceuntiltomorrow.
Seeoff – saygoodbyetosomeone
Stopover- tosayforashortperiod.
Setoff – start/begin
Getin – arrive
Getoff – leave
Geton – enter
Getaway– goaway
Checkin – arriveandregister
Checkout– paythebillwhenleaving
Moreexamples - Takeover assumecharge
- Takeoff leftthegroundorremove
- Wentabout didasaroutine
- Wentout stopped,ended,notexistence
- Wenton continuewithoutchanging
- Keepup maintain
- Keepon continue
- Keepoff remainatadistance
- Keepaway stayaway
10.Pickup getbetter
11.Pickon totreatunfairly
12.Pickover lookthrough
13.Pickout select,choose
14.Puton wear
15.Putoff postponed
16.Breakin enter
17.Breakout escape,spread
18.Breakoff
19.Breakup shatter
20.Callon shortvisit
21.calloff cancel
22.callupon urge
23.callfor demand
24.cutdown kill
25.cutoff chop
26.cutup injure
27.cutshort reduce
28.cutup slice
29.Lookinto examine
30.Lookafter takecareof
31.Lookout search
32.Lookover examine/investigate
33.Pullup catch
34.Pullback withdraw
35.Pullon tug/
36.Pullthrough getthrough
37.Standby support/wait
38.Standout oppose/resist
39.Standup rise
40.Waitbehind stayafter
41.Waitedon actasservant
42.Giveaway present/distribute
43.Giveup stop/discontinue
44.Givein yield
45.Giveout announce
46.Cordonedoff toprevent
47.Emanatedfrom issueorspreadout
48.Fightbackagainst trytocombat
49.Putupwith tolerate
50.Quarrelwith oppose
51.hangaround movewithnoaim
52.brokeout startedsuddenly
53.toreup todestroy
54.pushforward tocontinue
55.raninto tohitsomeone
56.eatout tohaveameal
57.copewith todealwith
58.figureout tofind
59.countingon todependon
60.argueinto toputforthreasons
61.bagoff tocriticizesomeone
62.cavein tofalldown
63.engagein totakepart
64.handdown togive
65.huntdown trytofind
66.nosearound findoutinformation
67.meltaway fadeordisappearslowly
68.pileon toincrease
69.revertto toreturn
70.Cordonedoff toprevent
71.Emanatedfrom issueorspreadout
72.Fightbackagainst trytocombat
73.Putupwith tolerate
74.Quarrelwith oppose
75.hangaround movewithnoaim
76.brokeout startedsuddenly
77.toreup todestroy
78.pushforward tocontinue
79.raninto tohitsomeone
80.eatout tohaveameal
81.copewith todealwith
82.figureout tofind
83.countingon todependon
84.argueinto toputforthreasons
85.bagoff tocriticizesomeone
86.cavein tofalldown
87.engagein totakepart
88.handdown togive
89.huntdown trytofind
90.nosearound findoutinformation
91.meltaway fadeordisappearslowly
92.pileon toincrease
93.revertto toreturn
Idioms
TextBook:109,117
Agroupofwordsinafixedorderthathaveaparticularmeaning
thatisdifferentfromthemeaningsofeachwordonitsown.
Waitforadusttosettle situationtobecomeclear
Get/haveallyourducksinarow preparations/well
organized
Fetchandcarry dolittlejobifyouweretheir
servant
Dothemaths thinkcarefullybeforedoingit.
Roundthecorner verynear
Moreexamples
1)Oncloudnine extremelyhappy
2)Aboltfromtheblue expectedevent
3)Atloggerheads disagreestrongly
4)Inthepink healthy
5)Honourbound amoralduty
6)Attheendofone’stether havingnopower/patience
7)Putsonairs behavingunnaturallyor
artificially
8)Giveapieceofmind totellfranklywhatonethinks
9)Ashadowofone’sself nothavingthestrength
10) Allwalksoflife everyaspect
11) ayellowstreak cowardiceinone’scharacter
12) onceinabluemoon happenrarely
13) nippedinthebud cutoffintheearliest
stage
14) playingtruant irregular
15) eleventhhour lastmoment
16) tookahardline unabletoaccept
17) atthehelm incharge
18) indeepwaters bigtrouble - Atone’sdisposal forone’suse
20.Picksomeone’sbrains usesomeone’s
ideas
19) Inbarrenstatements statewithoutvalue
20) Tobearone’sburdeninsilence toregretorsuffer
quietly
21) Toldhimflat expressedopiniondirectly
22) Holdsgood validatthetimeofdiscussion
23) Goingtobadtoworse deterioratefurther
24) Bigway- Onalargescale
25) Takenaveryhardline notgivingin
26) Thickandfast inlargenumbers
27) Makesendsmeet managewiththemoney
28) Matterofconcern somethingtoworry
about
29) Acleanslate apastrecordwithout
discredit
30) Atclosequarters verynear
31) Atthehelm incharge
32) Breakeven makenoprofitorloss
33) Feelthepinch feelingunpleasantone’s
standardofliving
34) Farandsquare inaffairway
35) Loudandclear veryclearly
36) Byandby astimesgoesby
37) Keepaneyeon watchsomething
38) Secondchildhood oldage
39) Turnoveranewleaf newbeginning
Fillintheblankswithrightidioms
Referbook:117
Answers
a.Fetchandcarry
b.Dothemath
c.Waitforadusttosettle
d.ducksinarow
e.Roundthecorner
underlinethemeaningofthegivenidiomatic
expression
Answers
a.breaktheice
b.icingonthecake
Confusables/Homophones
Textbook:6
Awordorphrasethatiseasilyconfusedwithanotherinmeaning
orusage
Distinguishthemeanigofeachpairofwordsbyframingyourown
sentences
EmigrateImmigrate
HeemigratedtoU.K
Immigrate
HeimmigratedtoIndia
Beside besides
Myschoolisbesidetheriver
Besides,thoseareanimals
Judicial judicious
Eligible illegible
Heisaneligibleperson
Thiswritingisillegible
Conscience conscious
Hetoldthetruthforhisconscience’ssake
Heishurtbutstillconscious.
Industrial industrious
Trichyisanindustrialcity
Heisanindustriousman
Eminent imminent
Heisaneminentperson
Hewasimminentdangerofdying.
Illicitelicit
Hehadanillicitassociatedwithjai
Icouldelicitnoresponsefromhim
prescribed proscribed
Thedoctorprescribedthismedicine.
Insomeculturessurgeryisproscribed.
affect effect
Mycitywasaffectedbyheavyrain
Theoveralleffectwasamazing
aural oral
Gallondrunkareanauraloffence.
Hewehaveanoraltest.
born borne
ShewasborninLondon.
Shehasbornehimsixsons.
Moreexa
1.Ikepteverythinginmydiaryaboutmyvisittodairy
2.Theadoptedboyhasnowadapted
3.Ihadnopeacegavemeapieceofadvice
4.Theyhaddatesfordessertinthedesert
5.Thepolicetriedtoelicitwhosellsillicitliquor
6.Themosteminentscientistwarnedimminentdanger
7.ThebookhasbeenprescribedforB.Aclassproscribed
8.Ourprincipalisamanofprinciples
9.Thestorytoldbythecredulousoldmanisnotcredible
10.Thosewhohaveillegiblehandwritingwillnotbeeligible
11.Weselldifferenttypesofcellphone
12.Birlaisindustriouscansolveindustrialproblem.
13.Shethrewtherubbishthroughwindow
14.Themoistureisduetodew
Fillintheblankswithsuitablehomophonesof
confusables
Wallet – valet
Fairy – fiery
Medal – meddle
Wait – weight
Yoke – yolk
Grown – groan
Earn – yearn
Hoard – horde
Desert – dessert
Night – knight
Sweet – suite
Plain – plane
Might – mite
Quite – quiet
Completethefollowingwithappropriatewordsfromthe
box
Textbook:148
Night/knight scent/sent/cent
stationary/stationerylead/lead reign/rain/rein
band/bannedbows/boughs sell/cell pass/pause/paws
present/present
1.Mymotherboughtanexpensivewatchasabirthdaypresent
Interim temporarily
Adieu goodbye
Alias otherwiseknownas
Sanseyessansteeth without
Proforma forthesakeofform
Protégé dependent
2.Everybodyacceptedthefactthatovereatingcouldeasilylead
toobesity
3.Inthemiddleages,peopleweretrainedtobecomeaknightata
youngage
4.Akshika’sbrotherplaysthebugleinhisschoolband
5.Theweatherisfineandtheairisfilledwiththescentoflemons
6.WhatasplendidreigntheemperorAlexander’smighthave
been.
7.Humanshavefoot,animalshavepaws
8.Theyknowhowtoselltheirmobilephonesonline.
9.Thettoday 10.Thecarswerestationaryinthetrafficjam
11.Itisnoteasyforhimtotiebowsinhisshoelaces.
Foreignwords
ManyforeignwordsandphrasescommonlyusedintheEnglish
language.Wemaynotrecognizethemasforeign.
Cognito indisguise
Tete-a-tete anintimateprivate
conversation conversation
Linguafranca acommonlanguage
Elite thebestofagroup
Inmemoriam inmemoryof
Alibi accuseclaiminghis
presence
Bonhomie good-naturefriendliness
Nouveauriche rich/acquiredwealth
Déjàvu previousexperience
Verbatim words
Faitaccompli somethingalreadydone
Defacto actual/real
Versus against
Vivavoce aspokenexammination
Bonafide genuine
Sinedie withoutadatebeingfixed
Resume summary
Statusquo thesituation(or)stateof
affairsasitisnow
Toto totally
Enmasse asawholegroup
Rapport acloserelationship(people
understand)
Liaison coordinationofactivities
Bonvoyage sayinggoodbyeandwishing
agoodluck
Via through
Exgratia nolegalobligation
Adhoc particularpurpose
Primafacie atfirstsight
Incamera secretsession
Euphemism/PolitiveAlternative
1.Housewife homemaker
2.Toilet restroom/lavatory
3.Fat big-boned/pleasantlypulp/fullfigured
4.Policeofficer peaceofficer
5.Lavatory restroom
6.Slowlearners latebloomers
7.Canepunishment corporalpunishment
8.Poor economicallymarginalized
9.Crippled differentlyabled
10.Barber hairdresser
11.Died passedaway
12.Blind visuallychallenged
13.Handicap physicallychallenged
14.Abortion pregnancytermination
15.Unemployment betweenjobs
16.Cheap ecconomical
17.Jail correctionalfacility
18.Retarded mentallychallenged
19.Oldage goldenage
20.Sick ill
21.Lawyer attorney
22.Beggar homelessperson
23.vomit blowchunks
24.bald follicularchallenged
25.overweight portly
26.short verticallychallenged
Modalauxiliaries
Modals meanings/function
Can ability,possibility
Could ability,possibility
Will futurity,willingness
Would willingness,habitualactioninthepast
Shall futurity,suggestion
Should necessity,expectation,advisability
May permission,possibility
Might permission,possibility
Must compulsion,certainty,necessity,prohibition
Semi-modal
Usedto discontinuedhabit
Dare challenge,boldness
Need necessity,obligation
OughtTo duty,moralobligation
TextBook:12
Task1
1.Hecandriveacar
2.Therichshouldhelpthepoor
3.Itmayraintoday
4.Thecandidatesmustanswerfiveoutoftenquestions.
5.Howdareyouopenmybag?
6.TajudeenwillfinishthisworkbyMonday.
7.MayIgotoschooltoday.
PREPOSITIONS
Book:44to46and216
Aprepositionisawordusedtolinknouns,pronouns,orphrases
tootherwordswithinasentence.Prepositionareusuallyshot
words.Theyaernormallyplaceddirectlyinfrontofnouns.
8.Iwishyoucouldtellmethetruth.
9.Poonancouldnotcatchthebusyesterday.
10.Peoplewholiveintheglasshousesshouldnotthrowstones
11.Youneednotgotothemarket.
12.Wouldyouhavetakenallthistroubles?
13.Youmustbejoking.
14.Itriedtoclimbupthetree,butcouldnot.
15.Himadasransofastthatshecouldwinthegoldmedal.
16.Youcanleadahorsetowaterbutyoucan’tmakeitdrink.
17.Iwouldliketohaveacupoftea.
18.Mygrandfatherusedtovisitthetemplewhenhewasyoung.
Task:2
1.Yououghttohelptheneedy.
2.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotbehavelikethat.
3.Ishallnevertellalie.
4.Myunclemighthavereachedbynow.
5.Thepatientiscritical.Hemustbetakentohospital.
6.IusedtoplayhockeywhenIwasastudent.
7.Youmustnotattendtheclass.
8.Hemightcometoday.
9.Youmustfollowthetrafficrules.
10.Hewillplaythematch.
11.Youneednotwastetimeonit.
12.Hadthedoctorcomeintime,hewouldhavesavedthepatient.
1.Yuvanhasbeenplayingbadmintonwellsince2014.
2.Yuvanhasbeenplayingbadmintonforthepastfouryears.
3.Mybrotherlivedinthemountainsabovethelake.
4.Isawahelicopterflyoveralake.
5.Herheadwasbelowthelevelofthetable.
6.Achildplaceshistoysunderablanket.
7.Aboyranunderthebridgewhentheriverwasdry.
8.Amanwalkedalongthesideoftheriver.
9.Hunterswalkedthroughtheforest.
10.TherewasamitybetweenJessieovensandluzlong.
11.Therewasahealthydiscussionaboutcommunalharmony
amongramesh.
12.Beforeeatingfood,wecleanourhands.
13.Aftereatingfood,childrenloveplaying.
Task:1
1.Theboyjumpedintoanarrowstream.
2.AfsarwillmeetmeonFriday
3.Thetempleisbeside/nearthebank.
4.Myfriendwillmeetmewithhisbrothertomorrow.
5.Treeisusuallyagardeninfrontofabanglow.
6.Yuvanhasbeenstudyingwellsincechildhood.
7.Atrekkerclimbedoveramountainmeticulously.
8.Therewasskirmishbetweenmybrotherandsister.
9.Alaudablethoughtwereapparentamongmanyscholarsina
conference.
10.Itiseasytoworkundertheaegisofvisionaryleader.
Task:2
ReferBook:45
Answers
1.at 2.to 3.in 4.for .5.among
1.brfore 2.Of 3.for 4.in 5.with 6.
After7.on
Prepositionalphrases
ReferBook:45
Answers
1.inseadof 2.inspiteof 3.onbehalfof4.onthewhole
5.infavourof 6.onaccountof 7.accordingto8.incaseof
Conjunctionsorlinkers
TextBook:46
Choosetheappropriatelinkersfromwithinthebracketsand
completethesentences.
1.Icouldnotcompletemypaperintheexaminationbecause
(because,but)Iwasslowinansweringthequestions.
2.Itstartedrainingso(yet,so)wecouldnotplay.
3.(As,if)AsIgotupearly,Imanagedtoreachschoolontime.
4.Though(Though,whereas)hecommittedamistake.He
apologizedand(and,since)promisedthathewouldnotrepeatit.
5.Thisishow(how,what)itmustbedone.
6.Thevendersawthetrainmovingslowlyfromtheplatform.
(Therefore,until)Thereforehegotin.
7.Iwasnotwell,so(but,so)Ididnotattendtheclass.
8.(If,although)Althoughshecandrive,shetravelsbybus.
TextBook:216
Dolphinsareregardedasthefriendliestbetweentheseacreatures. 1.
among
Therehavebeenseveralstoriesofdolphinshelpingdrowningsailors. 2.
about
Themorewelearnondolphins,themorewerealizehow 3.about
amazingtheyare,theycareoffthesick,protecttheweakest 4.for
atdanger,theycommunicateverywellwitheachother. 5.in
Conjunction
TextBook:216
Conjunctionisapartofspeechthatisusedtoconnectwords,
phrases,clausesorsentences.
NeitherRamyaisasingernoradancer.
Ramyaisneitherasingernoradancer.
a)Scarcelyhadtheworkerssteppedout,thanthebuilding
collapsed.
Scarcelyhadtheworkerssteppedoutwhenthebuilding
collapsed.
b)No soonerdid the powerresume,when the children
screamedinjoy.
Nosoonerdidthepowerresumethanthechildrenscreamed
injoy.
c)MyfriendcantypesofastasI.
MyfriendcantypeasfastasI
d)Sithahadnootherassignment,butthatofcollectingthe
data.
Sithahadnootherassignmentthanthatofcollectingthe
data.
e)Rekhacookslikehermotherdoes
Rekhacooksashermotherdoes.
f)ProfessorUshaisnotonlyawriterbutanorator.
ProfessorUshaisnotonlyawriterbutalsoanorator
g)Yourneighboursarenotsowickedlikeyouthink.
Yourneighboursarenotaswickedasyouthink.
Threeyourshavepassedsincemycousinresignedhisjob.
QUESTIONTAG
Textbook:79,80&81,217
Atagquestionisashortquestion.Itiscommonlyusedin
conversation.
Pointstorememberwhileframingtagquestions
Ifthestatementisintheaffirmativethetagittakesitusually
negative.
Ifthestatementisnegativethetagittakesisnegative.
Example
Isnot is
Is isn’t
Task:1
Addsuitablequestiontagtothefollowing
1.Thechildrenareveryhappytoday. Aren’tthey?
2.Youhavenotreturnedmybookyet. Haveyou?
3.Weenjoyedthetripverymuch. Didn’t we?
Shallwe?
5.Mymotherrarelytravelsbybus. Doesshe?
6.Somebodymustbellthecat. Mustn’tthey?
7.Anitanevercomeslatetooffice. Doesshe?
8.Iamalwaysthewinner. Aren’tI?
9.Don’tcommitthismistakeagain. Willyou?
10.Thereisapharmacynearthatbusstand. Isn’tthere?
11.Bacteriacanneversurviveinextremeweatherconditions.Can
they?
12.Iamnotassmartasyouare. Ami?
13.Theboysbrokethewindowpanelastevening.Didn’the?
14.Leaveswitherduringevening. Don’tthey?
15.Youshouldaddalittlesalttothebuttermilk. Shouldn’tyou?
Correcttheerror
Task:2
1.Theevildoerscannotcrossthepathoftruth.can’tthey? Canthey?
2.Thevegetablesinthefridgearestillfresh.aren’tit? Aren’tit?
3.Thevillageheadunderstoodtheintentionofthepolitician.Doesn’the?didn’the?
4.Iclaimtobeapersonoffaithandprayer.aren’ti? don’ti?
5.Theemployeesareseldomallowedtomeettheirboss.aren’tthey?Arethey?
6.Let’sorganizeatriptoGoa.canwe? Shallwe?
won’tshe?
8.Boththesister’shaveleftforCanada.aren’tthey? Haven’tthey?
9.That’sdefinitelynottherightthingtodointhissituation.isn’tthat?Isthat?
10.Weneednotapplyforabankloan.dowe? Needwe?
11.Thechiefguestspokeafewwords.didhe? Didn’the?
12.Therhinoceroshasahornmadeofkeratin.haven’tthey? Hasn’tit?
Examples
Book:79
1.Mr.ranjithisagreatscholar. Isn’the?
2.Youcancompletethisprojectinaweek. Can’tyou?
3.Ahalyawillneveracceptyourroposal. Willshe?
4.Magathisingswell. Doesn’tshe?
5.Thesegirlssingverywell. Didn’tthey?
6.Pleasebringmeaglassofwater. Wouldyou?
7.Alwaysfollowthetrafficrules. Wouldyou?
Joinusforlunchtomorrow. willyou?
8.Don’tevermeddlewithmypapers. Willyou?
9.Theyoungshouldlearntotakeupresponsibilities. Shouldn’tthey? - Thetoysintheboxarenotnew. Arethey?
- Nobodyhasarrivedyet. Havethey?
- Everyonewillattendtheparty. Won’tthey?
- ThepeacockisthenationalbirdofIndia. Isn’tit?
- Thebluefrockwasmoreexpensivethanthepinkone.Wasn’tit?
- Somethinghasginwronginthecircuit. Hasn’tit?
- Thisisnotyourdad’scar. Isit?
- Thereisnotmuchtimeleft. Wasn’t
there? - Werarelyvisitournativetown.(negative) Dowe?
- AjithseldomspeaksEnglish.(negative) Doeshe?
- Afewgermscanbeviewedthroughthismicroscope.Can’tthey?
- Littledoyourparentsknowaboutthisproblem. Dothey?
- Iamaveryhonestandhumblebeing. Aren’tI?
- let’scloseoureyesandmeditateforsometime. Shallwe?
- Let’sallgotothebeachthisevening. Shallwe?
- Neitherofmytwobrothershelpedmeinthatsituation. Did
they? - Allofusarenoteligibletoapplyforthiscourse. Are
we?
QuestionTags
TextBook:217
1.Thesechildrenlookveryweakandtired,aren’tthey? don’tthey?
2.Nobodycanresolvethisissue, can’tthey?
3.Weseldomspeaktoourneighbors, do we?
4.Theoldwomansellsdollsmadeofsea-shells, doesn’tshe?
5.Ihavecapturedsomebeautifulmomentsinmycamera, aren’tI?
6.Pragathiputthebunchofflowersinthevase, doesn’tshe?
didn’the?
8.Iamanexpertincooking, aren’tI?
9.Let’stakethismattertocourt, canwe?
10.Don’tforgettohandoverthisfiletomymanager, doyou?
11.Thepairofshoesnearthedoorisnotyours, arethey?
12.TheyhavearesortinYearcaud, haven’tthey?
13.Ourdogscarcelysleepsatnight, doesn’tit?
14.Youdoalotofsocialservice, don’tyou?
15.Thereisastadiumnearyouroffice, isn’tit?
Syllabification
Syllabificationistheseparationofawordintosyllables.
Monosyllable1 example bright
Disyllable 2 example bat-tered
Trisyllable 3 example at-ten-tion
Tétrasyllabe 4 example in-no-va-tion
Pentasyllable 5 example dis–a-bi-li-ty
Hexasyllable 6 example per-so-ni-fi-ca-tion,au-to-bi-o-gra-phy
advantage ad-van-tage intelligent in-tel-li-gent
Particular par-ti-cu-lar dramatic dra-ma-tic
Fantastic fan-tas-tic institution in-sti-tu-tion
Domestic do-mes-tic inspiration in-spi-ra-tion
Daughter daugh-ter astrology as-tro-lo-gy
Demonstrate de-mon-strate president pre-si-dent
Confidence con-fi-dence accident ac-ci-dent
Statistics sta-tis-tics apparatus ap-pa-ra-tus
Entertain en-ter-taincentfacilitate fa-ci-li-tate
Cucumber cu-cum-ber association as-so-cia-tion
biology bi-o-lo-gy Argumentative ar-gu-men-tative
Magnificent mag-ni-fi-cent eccentric ec-cen-tric
Simultaneous si-mul-ta-ne-ousbanana ba-na-na
Establish es-ta-blish stupid stu-pid
Formidable for-mi-da-ble expression ex-pres-sion
Donkey don-key laboratory la-bo-rato-ry
Exterminationex-ter-mi-na-tion Detect de-tect
Alliteration al-li-te-ra-tion appreciation ap-pre-ci-a-tion
Serenely se-rene-ly forceps for-ceps
Electronic e-lec-tro-nic teacher teach-er
BRITISH&AMERICANENGLISH
Textbook:181
BRITISH AMERICAN
1.Pavement sidewalk
2.Pullover sweater
3.waistcoat vest
4.chips Frenchfries
5.flat apartment
6.groundfloor firstfloor
7.underground subway
8.queue line
9.windscreen windshield
- indicator turnsignal
- Timetable schedule
- Post mail
- Holiday vacation
- Autumn fall
- Lift elevator
- Nappy diaper
- Fully full
Examples
1.garbagecan dustbin
2.grain/maize corn
3.highway mainroad
4.janitor caretaker
5.jelly jam
6.kerosene paraffin
7.torch flashlight
8.lumber timber
9.pants trousser - pitcher jug
- passage corridor
- Zipcode postcode/pincode
- yard garden
- stoplight trafficlight
- restroom publictoilet
- cot crib
- Lavatory restroom
- Sweets candy
- Bin can
- Biscuit cookie,cracker
- Film movie
- Mobilephone cellphone
- Sweets candy
- Tin can
- Taxi cab
- Crisps potatochips
- Lorry truck
- Petrol gasoline
- Underground subway
- Tap faucet
- Railway railroad
32
. Aerial antenna
33
. Luggage baggage
34
. Druggist chemist
35
. Porridge Oatmeal
36
. Goods Freight
37
. Terminus depot
38
. Airplane aeroplane
39
. breakman guard
40
. car carriage
41
. drapes curtains
42
. eraser rubber
43
. fly
-over fly
-post
44
. garbagecan dustbin
45
. grain/maize corn
46
. highway mainroad
47
. janitor caretaker
48
. jelly jam
49
. kerosene paraffin
50
. torch flashlight
51
. line queue
52
. lumber timber
53
. pants trouser
54
. pitcher jug
55
. passage corridor
56
. Zipcode postcode/pincode
57
. yard garden
58
. stoplight trafficlight
59
. restroom publictoilet
60
. cot crib
61
. trainers sneakers
62
. puckish hungry - jumper/pullover sweater
- university college
- Soccer football
- Silverware utensil
- Label tag
- Timetable schedule
- Rubbish trash
- Bill check
- Caravan trailer
- Cloakroom coatroom
- Enquiry inquiry
- Fortnight twoweeks
- Fullstop period
- Goodstrain freighttrain
- Indicator turnsignal
- Ladybird ladybug
- Match game
- Mum mom
- Carpark parkinglot
- Dynamo generator
- Dummy pacifier
- Fair carnival
- Gallery balcony
- Grill broil
- Interval intermission
- Let lease/rent
- Motorway highway
- Parcel package
- Rubbish garbage
- Sofa couch
- Tadpole pollywog
- Turnover sales
- Unittrust mutualfund
- Biscuit cookie,cracker
- Film movie
- Mobilephone cellphone
- Sweets candy
- Tin can
- Taxi cab
- Crisps potatochips
- Lorry truck
- Petrol gasoline
- Tap faucet
- Railway railroad
- Aerial antenna
- Luggage baggage
- Druggist chemist
- Porridge Oatmeal
- Chips Frenchfries
- Goods Freight
- Terminus depot
- Airplane aeroplane
- breakman guard
- drapes curtains
- eraser rubber
- fly-over fly-post
- BRITISH&AMERICANENGLISH (spelling)
1.Odor odour
2.Program programme
3.Parlor parlour
4.Apologize apologise
5.Color colour
6.Check cheque
7.Theater theatre
8.Gray grey
9.Behavior behavior - Humor humour
- labor labour
PLURAL
Clues-ifthewordendswithum changeintoa
Singular plural
1.Datum data
2.Erratum errata
3.medium media
4.Bacterium bacteria
5.Memorandum memoranda
6.Curriculum currricula
7.Stadium stadia
Clues-ifthewordendswithus changeintoi
8.Alumnus alumni
9.Syllabus syllabi
10.Radius radii
11.fungus fungi
12.stimulus stimuli
13.teminus termini
Clues-ifthewordendswithex,sisaddes
14.index indexes
15.matrix matrixes
16.hypothesis hypotheses
17.axix axes
18.formula formulae
19.ox oxen
20.mouse mice
21.foot feet
22.tooth teeth
23.goose geese
24.child children
25.louse lice
26.sheep sheep
27.fish fish
28.deer deer
29.nucleus nuclei
30.criterion criteria
31.Phenomenon Phenomena
32.Fatherinlaw fathersinlaw
33.Soninlaw sonsinlaw
Mostsingularnounsformthepluralbyadding-s.
Singular Plural
32.Boat boats
33.house houses
34.cat cats
35.river rivers
Asingularnounendingins,x,z,ch,shmakesthepluralbyadding
-es.
Asingularnounendinginaconsonantandthenymakesthe
pluralbydroppingtheyandadding-ies.
Examples
Singular Plural
40.pennypennies
41.spy spies
42.babybabies
SingularPlural
36.busbuses
37.wishwishes
38.pitchpitches
39.boxboxes
Singular Plural
43.city cities
44.daisydaisies
Irregularnouns
Therearesomeirregularnounplurals.Themostcommonones
arelistedbelow.
Examples
Singular Plural
45.womanwomen
46.man men
47.child children
48.tooth teeth
49.foot feet
50.personpeople
51.leaf leaves
52.mousemice
53.goose geese
54.half halves
55.knife knives
56.wife wives
57.life lives
58.elf elves
59.loaf loaves
60.potato potatoes
61.tomatotomatoes
62.cactuscacti
63.focus foci
64.nucleusnuclei
Singular Plural
65.oasis oases
66.thesis theses
Somenounshavethesameforminthesingularandtheplural.
Singular Plural
67.speciesspecies
68.aircraftaircraft
SENTENCEPATTERN
Heplayed SV
Heplayedcricket. SVO
Hewasbusy. SVC
Hemadeherbusy. SVOC
Hegavemeabook SVIODO
Heisadoctornow svca
A-yesterday :AA–athome,yesterday
Blending
Smoke+fog = smog
Travel+catalogue = travelogue
Electro+execute = electrocute
International+police = Interpol
Breakfast+lunch = brunch
Melody+drama = melodrama
News+broadcast = newscast
Helicopter+airport = heliport
Moterway+hotel = motel
Lecture+demonstration = lecdem
Documentary+drama = docudrama
Education+entertainment = edutainment
Binary+digit = bit
Medical+care = medicare
Electronic+mail = email
Vegetable+burger = vegeburger
Education+sateliite = edusat
Fantastic+fabulous = fantabulous
Medical+claim = mediclaim
Wireless+fidelity = wifi
Technology+wizard = technowizard
Teleprinter+exchange = telex
Motor+pedalcycle = moped
Motor+bike = mobike
Foreign+exchange = forex
High+technology = hi-tech
Internal+communication = intercom
Information+system = infoys
Commercial+information= infomercial
Modulater+demodulator= modem
Camera+recorder = camcorder
Formaphrasewitheachofthefollowingpairsofnounsgiven
below.
Book:72
Muscle+pain muscularpain
Skeleton+system Skeletalsystem
Nerve+disorder Nervousdisorder
Digestion+enzymes Digestiveenzymes
Surgery+instruments Surgicalinstruments
Agony+experience Agonicexperience
Glory+victory Gloriousvictory
Fancy+idea Fancifulidea
Emotion+song Emotionalsong
Sense+issue Sensibleissue
Gerund
Book:154
Gerundsarewordsthatareformedwithverbsbutactasnouns.
Tofindforaverb+ingthatisusedasnoun.
Underlinethegerundsinthefollowing
Boysloveplayingcrickek.
Iloveeatingicecreams.
Jessieenjoysbotheringothers.
TextBook:220
1.Teachmeswimming.
Teachmetoswim.
Paintingisaninterestinghobby.
Task:2
Usethegerundformofverbinthebracketsandfillinthe
blanks
Exercising(exercise)isgoodforhealth.
Flying(fly)akiteisfun.
Shopping(shop)ismyfavouritehobby.
Myfriendwaitedforthemeeting(meet)huckleberryfinnwas
responsibleforsignaling(signal)
Moreexamples
Jumpingisfun
Mysonenjoysskiing
Mrs.Kalahasauniquewayofteaching.
Itisnouseifcrying. Thedancingparrotsentertainedthecrowd.
Rewritechangingthegerundineachofthefollowing
sentencestoinfinitiveswithoutchangingthemeaning.
2.Givingisbetterthanreceiving.
Togiveisbetterthantoreceive.
3.Seeingisbelieving.
Toseeistobelieve.
4.Ilikereading.
Iliketoread.
5.Hemanagedreachingthereintime.
Hemanagedtoreachthereintime.
6.Walkinginthesunisharmfultotheeyes.
Towalkinthesunisharmfultotheeyes.
7.Stealingisacrime.
Tostealisacrime.
8.WhatIhatemostisrunningacrosstraffic.
WhatIhatemostistorunacrosstraffic.
9.Sittinghereiswastingtime.
Tosithereistowastetime. - Exercisingisgoodforhealth.
Toexerciseisgoodforhealth.
Fillintheblanksusingsuitablegerunds.
TextBook:219
1.MyfriendisgoodatPlayingthesaxophone.
2.Theydon’tlikeWorkingonSaturdays.
3.Theystartedlate,sotheywereafraidofmissingthe
train.
4.Sheenjoyswatchinghorrormovies.
5.Walkingonthewallcanprovedangerous.
6.Drivingatwowheelerwithoutahelmetmayprovefatal.
7.Wearinguniformtoschooliscompulsory.
8.Growingtreesisamust,topreventsoilerosion.
9.SeemaapologizedforCominglate. - Completinganeventsuccessfullyisachallenge.
Infinitives
Aninfinitiveisformedaverbbutdoesn’tactasaverb.Itactsasa
noun,adjectiveoradverb.
Fillintheblankswiththecorrectinfinitives
1.Devaforgottoposttheletter.
2.Thedoctoradvisedthepatientstotakehismedicinewithout
fail.
3.Rajeshwenttotheairporttoreceivehisfriend.
4.Thebearclimbedupthetreetodrinkthehoney.
5.Theboyswenttotheforesttoseebirds.
6.Itriedhardtomakebothendsmeet.
7.Thearcheologistsaretryingtostudytheruinsofkeelady.
8.Solarenergyusedtogenerateelectricity.
9.Togetconcessionyouhaveapplywellinadvance. - WehaveplanstogotoLondon.
ArticlesandDeterminers
Articles an,an,the
Demonstrativethis,that,there,these
Distributive eachevery,either
Numerals one,two,second,third
Interrogative WHquestions
Quantitative some,much,many,few,any,little,none
Completethefollowingsentencesusingappropriate
determiners
TextBook:156
1.OnlyfewpeoplecanaffordtobuyaflatinChennai.
2.Sheearnedsolittlethatshecouldnotmakeadecentliving.
3.Someinformationthatshegaveprovedfalse.
4.Howmuchsugardoyouwant?
5.Iamverytiredtoday,asIhadmanygueststoday.
6.Someofmystudentshavebecomedoctors.
7.LittledoIknowabouthispersonallife.
8.Howmanypagesdidyouread?
9.Somefertilizerusedthesedays’spoilsthesoil. - DuringmystudentlifeIusedtogivelittletroubletomy
teachers.
Fillintheblankswithappropriatearticlesordeterminers.
TextBook:220
1.Wemetsome/few/manyAmericansattherestaurant.
2.MonishahasSome/fewfilmsinherhands.
3.Iamtheeldestinmyfamily.
4.Thereareonlyfewchocolatesleftforyou.
5.Canyougetmesomebutter?
6.Theyhaven’tgotmanyrosesintheirgarden.
7.Samuelhasn’tgotanyhomeworktoday,soheisplayingcricket.
8.Pleasegivemea/thenail.
9.Mymotherisanhonestwoman. - Sheboughtausefulgadget.
- Pleasegivemeanicecube.
- Weneedsomelightintheroom.
- Whyareyoureadingthisbook?
- Mybosswantedthedraftofthereportinaday.
- Thehand-outisavailableonline.
Choose thecorrectoptionsandcompletethesentences
dishonesty.
9.Oneortheotherofthosemenhas(has/have)lodgeda
complaint. - Eachleafandeachflowerwas(was/were)strippedoff
thetree.
Book:186
1.Manojwas(was/were)presentalongwithhisparents. - 3.Neitherlekhanorleelahas(has/have)beenselected.
4.Everyman,womanandchildwas(was/were)happy.
5.Oneofthemachinesis(is/are)defective.
6.Anumberofbooksare(is/are)missing.
7.Sekarorhisbrothershave(has/have)doneit.
8.Tomakeapromiseandthennottokeepitare(is/are)
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